A dinâmica da virulência e da resistência antimicrobiana sob a perspectiva de Uma Só Saúde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61695/rcs.v3i1.83Palavras-chave:
Uma Só Saúde, Microbioma, Resistência Antimicrobiana, Virulência, Transferência Horizontal de Genes, Elementos Genéticos MóveisResumo
O paradigma "Uma Só Saúde" (One Health), que reconhece a ligação inextricável entre a saúde humana, animal e ambiental, é crucial para compreender a dinâmica da virulência e da resistência antimicrobiana (AMR). Esta revisão postula que os microbiomas destas três esferas formam uma rede conectada que atua como um ecossistema unificado para a evolução e disseminação de patógenos resistentes e virulentos. Sintetiza-se evidências que demonstram que os elementos genéticos móveis que carregam genes de resistência e virulência são facilmente trocados entre comensais e patógenos nestes nichos, impulsionados por pressões antropogénicas, particularmente o uso de antimicrobianos na medicina e na agricultura. Esta troca transforma todos os microbiomas em reservatórios e amplificadores potenciais de ameaças. Além disso, a disbiose num reservatório, por exemplo, no microbioma intestinal de animais de produção devido à exposição a antibióticos, reverbera por todo o sistema, facilitando o surgimento de patógenos zoonóticos multirresistentes. Ao explorar esta interconectividade, destaca-se que os esforços para combater a AMR e a virulência focados apenas em contextos clínicos humanos são inerentemente insuficientes. É imperativa uma abordagem proativa de "Uma Só Saúde", integrando a vigilância em humanos, animais e no ambiente, e desenvolvendo intervenções que visem a estabilidade do microbioma em todos os reservatórios para mitigar eficazmente esta crise global.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Igor Vasconcelos Rocha, Renata Pessôa Germano Mendes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
