Identificação e análise molecular de bactérias Gram-negativas resistentes a antibióticos isoladas de amostras de sedimento de mangue do Rio Anil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61695/rcs.v3i1.91Palavras-chave:
Resistência a antimicrobianos, Sedimentos de manguezal, Ochrobactrum, Serratia, β-lactamases, BlaKPC, BlaOXA-58Resumo
Sedimentos de manguezal abrigam comunidades microbianas diversificadas que desempenham papéis centrais em processos biogeoquímicos e podem atuar como reservatórios de genes de resistência a antimicrobianos (ARGs). Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar, identificar e determinar o perfil de suscetibilidade de bactérias Gram-negativas provenientes de sedimentos de manguezal do rio Anil, em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, bem como detectar genes codificadores de β-lactamases. Amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em três pontos ao longo de 10 meses (junho de 2017 a abril de 2018), contemplando variações sazonais. No total, 188 bactérias Gram-negativas foram isoladas em ágar MacConkey suplementado com antibióticos. A identificação foi realizada por espectrometria de massas MALDI-TOF e a suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos foi determinada pelo método de disco-difusão. A triagem molecular para genes de β-lactamases (blaKPC, blaOXA-58, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM) foi conduzida por PCR multiplex. Predominaram os gêneros Ochrobactrum (44,68%) e Serratia (33,51%), com destaque para O. anthropi, O. intermedium, O. tritici e S. marcescens. Observaram-se elevadas taxas de resistência a cefalosporinas, sobretudo cefuroxima (40,95%), cefepima (39,89%), ceftriaxona (36,70%) e cefotaxima (30,85%). O gene blaKPC foi detectado em 22 isolados, principalmente de O. anthropi, O. intermedium, O. tritici e S. marcescens, enquanto o gene blaOXA-58 foi identificado em 21 isolados, majoritariamente pertencentes a Ochrobactrum spp. (61,90%). Nenhum isolado apresentou os genes blaSHV, blaCTX-M ou blaTEM. Esses achados indicam que os sedimentos de manguezal do rio Anil funcionam como reservatórios ambientais de patógenos oportunistas portadores de determinantes de resistência clinicamente relevantes, ressaltando a necessidade de vigilância integrada e manejo adequado de efluentes para mitigar a disseminação de ARGs entre os ambientes ambiental e clínico.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Geovane Santos Muniz, Edilson Santos Castro, Fábio Henrique Ramos Braga, José Maria do Amaral Filho, Maria Raimunda Chagas Silva, Andrea de Souza Monteiro
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
